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Maiden's garland
A maiden's garland, also known as a virgin's crown, crants or crantsey, is a crown-shaped garland used as a funeral memento for, usually female, virgins. They are generally made of paper flowers, rosettes and ribbons fixed to a wooden frame. Many are also adorned with white paper gloves, and may be inscribed with verses of poetry and the name of the deceased.〔 The garlands are carried before, or on, the coffin during the funeral procession and afterwards displayed in the church.〔 W.R. Bullen, writing in ''The Tablet'' in 1926, reports that the "practice of carrying garlands at a maiden's funeral was common in England, Wales and Scotland before the Reformation and after it for two hundred years or more, but the custom has now almost entirely fallen into disuse." Shakespeare refers to the custom in his play, ''Hamlet'', when describing the burial of Ophelia:
The oldest surviving garland was made in 1680 and is displayed at St Mary's Church, Beverley, Yorkshire.〔 The largest collection of garlands (43, ranging between 1740-1973) is held at the parish church of St Mary the Virgin, Abbots Ann, Hampshire, and the most recent example was made in 1995 at Holy Trinity Church, Ashford-in-the-Water, Derbyshire.〔 Examples have also been found in France: Edward J.G. Forse, writing in 1938, observed: "The paper rosettes and wreaths at Abbots Ann I found paralleled in August 1919 at Montsoreau, near Saumur, and in July 1932 at La Malène on the river Tarn."
==Etymology==
The name ''crants'', used most commonly in Derbyshire and the north, is believed to be derived from late Old Norse ''krans'' () or Old High German ''kranz'' (), both meaning "wreath".〔〔 Samuel Johnson, in ''Notes to Shakespeare, Volume 3: The Tragedies'' (1765), wrote: "I have been informed by an anonymous correspondent, that ''crants'' is the German word for ''garlands'', and I suppose it was retained by us from the Saxons. To carry ''garlands'' before the bier of a maiden, and to hang them over her grave, is still the practice in rural parishes."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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